1. PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER: This question about an Ebola patient refers to the renalhormones we learned last week, and how the body might deploy them to address problems with
volume, osmolarity, and/or ion balance. As you tackle the situation presented, please include
answers
to the following points:
A. Which regulated variable(s) are altered?
B. How are they altered? In other words, what disturbance(s) is the body facing?
C. What is the appropriate combination of renal hormones that will help with the
disturbance(s)?
D. Are each of the hormones RELEASED or INHIBITED? For example, if you believe
osmolarity has been increased, you might say that Aldosterone will be inhibited, while ADH
would be released.
E. What is the pathway for release or inhibition of each hormone, beginning with the
appropriate stimuli and receptors?
F. HOW will each of the released hormones help with the disturbance(s) you have
identified?
You are in Sierra Leone, working with an Ebola patient. The loss of blood due to hemorrhaging
is rather grave, but you have been able to stabilize them. How would your patient’s body
compensate for the disturbances created by severe blood loss? Please describe as many
possible compensatory mechanisms as you can, including any potential renal and
cardiovascular changes. You must describe the entire relevant pathway for each change, from
stimulus/receptor to overall systemic effect. (You do not need to describe the cellular
mechanisms underlying the responses at the targets.) If your answer for this question does not
demonstrate a full faith effort by including detailed responses to the points requested above, you
will not earn full credit. Your answer must be long to fully address the question.
2. For each of the following digestive processes, please describe what each process means,
where each process occurs, and why each process is important for the digestive system:
● Ingestion
● Motility
● Mechanical Digestion
● Chemical Digestion
● Secretion
● Absorption
● Defecation
3. For each of the structures listed in the table below, please answer the following questions (if a
question does not apply to a particular structure, please note that in your response):
A. What is the function of each of the secretions listed for that structure?
When applicable: please be sure to note if the secretion must undergo any modifications to
become its active form! If a secretion is released from multiple structures, you only need to
define its function once.
B. Does mechanical digestion occur in that structure?
C. What (e.g., carbohydrate, protein, fat) is chemically digested in that structure?
D. What is absorbed in that structure? Please be specific here (i.e., don’t just say
“proteins”)!
E. Which of the forms of motility occur in that structure?
Choose from among the following options: chewing, swallowing, peristalsis, segmentation, mass
movement.
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