- Using any means of research available (texts, online, etc), briefly explain how defects in mitochondrial function may contribute to development and progression of cancer [3]
- Locate and read the following article, then answer the related questions: Keller ET, Fu Z, Yeung K, Brennan M. (2004). Raf kinase inhibitor protein: a prostate cancer metastasis suppressor gene. Cancer Lett, 207(2): 131-137.
- What strategy ensures that passage through the cell cycle is unidirectional and irreversible? What mechanism underlies this strategy? [3]
- What is the wee phenotype? What mistiming of the cell cycle does it reflect? What protein activities can cause this phenotype? [3]
- What are the mechanisms that regulate the distribution of the correct number of “normal” chromosomes to daughtercells? [3]
- Describe how the phosphorylation state of proteins regulates passage through critical points in the cell cycle [3]
- How might overexpression of cyclin D1 foster loss of cell cycle control? [2]
- Explain the significance of telomerase expression in cancer cells [2]
- Myc activation in quiescent cells is sufficient to induce cell cycle entry in the absence of growth factors – T / F [1]
- What protein is encoded by the SIS oncogene, and why might this product be of particular interest to those studying promotion of cell growth? [2]
- Briefly describe the difference between carcinomas and sarcomas [2]
- According to the Hanahan and Weinberg paper:
- In its inactive state, RKIP is (unphosphorylated / phosphorylated) and binds to activated Raf, inhibiting itsability to (activate / inactivate) MEK [2]
List the two main mediators of stress-induced apoptosis in cancer cells after treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs [2]
- What are the 6 acquired capabilities of cancer? [1]
- How are growth inhibitory signals received by the normal cell? [1]
- What term is used to describe the growth of new blood vessels? [1]
What is the effect of damage to or loss of activity of CAMs? [1]
- What specifically are cytokines? [2]
- Through what mechanism does p53 initiate apoptosis? [2]
- What are early response genes and delayed response genes? [2]
- How, generally, do retroviruses cause cancer? [2]
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