Always be unique, write in your own words. Do not use “quotes” to fill your paragraphs. This isyour individual work, treat it as such.
NAME
TITLE DRAFT (it may change based on your results)
Use a title that describes what you did. Example:
S. aureus isolated from heavily used equipment by the general public in the science building at
Benedictine University
INTRODUCTION
The first and second paragraphs should be about your idea behind the project. You may want
to explain why you selected the building or the targeted area. What other variables were at
play for your project (examples: time of day, cleaning schedule, temperature, heavily used
items, etc.).
What are some of the microorganisms that would be more common depending on the area
selected? Why was this of interest to you? What as your hypothesis?
Your third paragraph will be similar to Tiny Earth where you quickly introduce some methods
that will be used (very general). The last 1-2 sentences should be dedicated to your findings.
Example: Through this project we identified through growth-based tests a mannitol fermenting
Gram-positive cocci, most likely S. aureus.
Notes: Separate paragraphs by ideas. Your last paragraph should lead easily into your
methods. Bacterial genus and species are always placed in italics. Use bold or underline to
highlight sections. All sections of your report need to have a written section (paragraphs).
Tables and figures supplement the report and should be placed as references within the
paragraphs.
METHODS
Method 1
Methods for this report can be a summary of the “actual” protocol but specifying what you did.
Example:
Sample collection
A sterile swab dipped in water was used to isolate samples from a 5 in by 5 in area from the
rugs on the third floor of the Birck office suite. Samples were kept in a 15 ml conical tube with
sterile water to preserve them until they could be plated in the laboratory. Samples were
collected in duplicate at 8 AM.
Notes: Just make sure you add enough information that someone who has never seen this
before could follow it without problem. You do not need to make a separate laboratory
materials section, not needed.
Continue adding methods depending on your specific project.
RESULTS
Figure 1. Add a figure legend such as this one to provide a title and/or description of the
images from your project
Results do not make mention of protocol steps. They summarize what you found from each
method. It is recommended to write in the order of how you found your results. The first
sentence of your results paragraph should always be a quick summary of what needed to
happen for you to get your bacteria. This means reminding the reader where you collected
your sample, etc.
Based on what you currently have, you should write about the results from your swab or
dilution setup, differences in samples, CFUs, categories of bacteria, conclusion of the initial
results.
The second section will focus specifically on the microorganism you selected, the k streak,
gram stain, phase contrast, and other tests done to narrow down the bacterial genus and or
species.
Notes: The results do not make mention of anything that might have gone wrong. You are only
reporting. All sections of your report need to have a written section (paragraphs). This is one
of the most important parts of your report. Make it descriptive, make it count. Tables and
figures supplement the report and should be placed as references within the paragraphs.
Example: We isolated 10 bacterial categories from our rug sample swab plates (Table 1).
DISCUSSION (not in draft as you may not have enough results to identify your
microorganism yet)
Again here, there should be a quick summary of the purpose of your work. Then you can dive
into the reflection process. Normally what is done here is to address the results in terms of
problems or exciting findings. You should research on the microorganism and provide some
historical context. You can make comments the possibilities for your strain and what you would
like to see in the future. This section in your draft will be shorter because you have yet to
tabulate all your growth-based results. Once those are in, most of the paragraphs can tend to
that.
REFERENCES
AMA style Example (reference):
Wheeler T, Watkins PJ. Cardiac denervation in diabetes. BMJ. 1973 Dec 8; 4: 584-586.
Anything that you used for your work is a reference.
Wikipedia is not a reference. CNN is not a reference.
Books, articles, protocols can all be used are references.
Abdullah Ahmad
Corynebacterium Found from a Molded
Banana
INTRODUCTION
Food spoilage is a major economic as well as an environmental issue nowadays.
Molds. Yeasts, and bacteria are responsible for food spoilage. In the presence of
certain conditions such as moist and room temperature conditions, these
microorganisms consume unprotected foods and produce waste products causing
the foul smell, and mushy and rotten texture of visibly spoiled food. Common
bacteria causing food spoilage are lactic acid bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and
fungi. These include Corynebacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Lactococcus spp.,
Leuconostoc spp., Pediococcus spp., Stretococcus spp., Kurthia zopfii, and
Weisella spp.
Since culturing molds and yeast take a lot of time, this project is interested in
isolating bacteria from a spoiled food specimen in this case a moldy banana.
Bananas are known to be highly perishable as they ripen and rot quickly hence the
interest. In this experiment, a banana peel was placed in a plastic bag and stored in
room temperature conditions to rot until molds are form before samples are
collected. We hypothesize that gram-negative bacteria will be isolated from the
moldy banana peel.
In this experiment, the K-streak method will be used. This method is used to obtain
single isolated pure colonies. In this method, the plate is divided into four
quadrants and streaking is started in one quadrant, rotating the plate by 90 degrees
each time to proceed to the next quadrant. Through this project, we identified a
gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria that is motile and catalase positive
METHODS
A sterile swab dipped in water was used to isolate samples from a molded banana
peel. The samples were directly transferred to the plates and on the next week, to
isolate a pure strain from the samples, K-streak method was done using new plates.
Analysis was done first by visualizing the microorganism/s under the microscope
without gram stain then with gram stain.
Differentiating The Bacteria Located On The Peel Of Fresh and Mold Bananas
Ali Ebraheemi, Abdullah Ahmad, Ramsey Abudan
General Microbiology Lab Section C
May 3, 2022
Introduction
●
Previous data has shown that majority of the bacteria that live on a banana are
coagulase-positive staphylococcus, lactic bacteria and there are also molds and yeast
●
We hypothesize that there’s is a correlation between the bacteria on surface of banana
and the banana’s life span.
Methods
Sample collection
●
Sterile swab dipped in water
●
Collect the bacteria samples located on the surface of the bananas’ peel
●
Apply on nutrient and mannitol salt agars
●
Incubate at a temperature of 24.1°C
Bacteria selection
●
Three distinct bacterias
●
Two from fresh bananas and one from a mold banana were selected from the nutrient agars
●
Perform a K-Streak
Testing
●
Methods
The bacteria was used in various tests to determine its properties such as fermentation of glucose, lactose citrate,
morphology, gram staining, catalase, motility (phase contrast), TSI, and Indole. This was done by transferring the
colony from the K-streak to the appropriate test and then incubation
Results
Colony count
Banana
Nutrient
agar
MSA
Agar
Banana
Green 1
632
0
Banana
Green 2
321
0
Banana
Mold 1
528
Mold
Taken
Over
Banana
Mold 2
216
128
Abdullah- Bacteria Mold 1 Banana
Test
Results
Hydrogen Peroxide
Bubbles (Positive) Catalase
Gram
Positive
Shape
Very tiny rods
Motility(Phase Contrast)
Motile
Starch Hydrolysis
Negative
Abdullah- Bacteria
Corynebacterium Xerosis Negative because I
was not able to see anything after flooding
iodine to the starch to see a Halo or if the Agar
was brighter to be positive.
Ramsey- Bacteria
Test
Results
Hydrogen Peroxide
Bubbles (Positive)
Catalase
Gram
Positive
Shape
A bunch of small round
rods
Starch Hydrolysis
Negative
Motility
Motile
Ramsey- Bacteria
Colony count
Nutrient agar
MSA Agar
Banana
Green 2
321
0
Banana
Mold 2
216
123
Ali- Bacteria
Tests
Results
Morphology
yellow circular form with a
flat yellowish creamy circle
Gram
Negative
Shape
Rod
Motility (phase contrast)
Non-Motile
TSI H2S
Negative
Glucose
Negative
Lactose
Negative
Citrate
Negative
Indole
Negative
Ali- Bacteria
shigella sonnei
Conclusion
●
●
●
●
●
There’s a correlation between the age of a banana and the bacteria that lives on the
surface
fresh bananas had more bacteria grown on them as it had a higher number of colonies
on both fresh bananas than the old bananas
Agar variations made it interesting and more complex such as the MSI agar
No identification was done on the bacterias of the molded MSI agars which could’ve
have interesting ones
Testing the bacteria on the surface of the banana on various agars such as blood,
chocolate, MSI, etc to see what bacteria grow
References
Bergey, D. H. 1., & Holt, J. G. (2000). Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology. 9th ed.
Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Novak, F. R., de Almeida, J. A., & de Souza e Silva, R. (2003). Casca de banana: uma possível
fonte de infecção no tratamento de fissuras mamilares [Banana peel: a possible source
of infection in the treatment of nipple fissures]. Jornal de pediatria, 79(3), 221–226.
Questions?
F6
H
21
Identification flow charts
Bacillus spp.
Clostridium spp
+
+
+
Clostridium spp.
You sure you have this?
Go to Bergey’s.
Strict Anaerobes
Gram Positive Rods ID Flowchart
Gram Positive Rods
Corynebacterium kutsceri
Starch Hydrolysis
Bacillus spp.
Clostrididium spp.
Corynebacterium spp.
Lactobacillus spp.
Mycobacterium spp.
Spore Forming
Corynebacterium spp.
Lactobacillus spp.
Mycobacterium spp.
Bacillus spp.
See separate flowchart.
test
Corynebacterium spp.
Corynebacterium xerosis
620
3
Acid & Gas
+
HAN HARA
Acid Fast
Catalase
Mycobacterium smegmatis
Corynebacterium spp
Lactobacillus spp.
Lactobacillus spp.
Lactobacillus fermenti
Glucose Ferm. Activity
Acid
Lactobacillus casei
Lactobacillus delbrueckii
Mannitol
Lactobacillus casei Lactobacillus delbrueckiiF6
coccodent bocc
coco
Identification flow charts
K-Streak
Mold 1 Bananna
D
Little rods very tiny
Maring very
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Alot
of bacteria
burumps whang nav
40
ambos stil Noros
مردعور
41345
200
botth
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with oil.
Cosmas
under
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DONNA
trust hen
is why I vodo 4,06
antsed
247
Little rods
od low to Rod
de
13
Catalaseпривелось извелови
Rubbles – positive
Corynebacterium + Spp
+
Starch Hydrolysis test
A
towchart
20
Flood
thr
Staron
ron with codine to
a ne see if I see a
halo for positive or if the
agar is brighter
It is negative
Soit will be Corynebacterium
kerosis
(negative -)
Aar quat
C
autis
9
C
J
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