You have to create an E-Poster on what you see as the future of nursing practice and the role of nursing in the emerging health-care environment. You need to predict the future based on present evidence.
The E-Poster needs to include the following:
1. Introduction
2. Statement of the issue
3. Evidence supporting the issue
4. Prediction of the future role of the nurse
5. Conclusion
6. References: minimum of three references from peer-reviewed nursing journals (encourage the use of international journals).Articles need to be within the last 3 years unless historical.
Chapter 13
Evolution of Nursing as a Profession
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Early Years
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Nursing occurred in the home
Origin of hospitals
Physician-directed care
Differences in quality care
Religious orders vs. city/community based
institutions
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Nursing Defined
• Florence Nightingale
• Virginia Henderson
• Martha Rogers
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Modern Nursing Role
• Nurses are viewed as collaborative members of the
health-care team.
• Nursing has emerged as a strong profession of its own.
• Nurses have a wide range of responsibilities and
obligations.
• Recent polls demonstrate that nurses are considered the
most trusted group of professionals.
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Early Nurse Leaders
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Florence Nightingale
Lillian Wald
Margaret Sanger
Mary Eliza Mahoney
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Modern Nurse Leaders
• Mildred Montag
– Associate degree nursing programs
– Shift of nursing education from hospital-based
environments to institutions of higher learning
• Virginia Henderson
– “Modern Florence Nightingale”
– Advocated for autonomy of nursing practice
– Proponent of publicly financed universally accessible
health care
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st
21
Century
• Linda Aiken
– Research on nurse-patient ratios and patient safety
– Development of MAGNET hospitals
• Beverly Malone
– Deputy Assistant Secretary for Health
– Chief Executive Officer of the NLN
• Tim Porter-O’Grady
– Senior Partner of Tim Porter-O’Grady Associates
– Contributed to changes in practice and education
– Focus on health systems innovation
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Political Influences
• Nursing advances occurred during the time of
social upheaval and change.
• Strengthening of public health nursing services
• Amendments to the Social Security Act that
created Medicare and Medicaid
• Development of health insurance companies
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Political Influences (cont’d)
• Civil Rights Act
– Guaranteed equal treatment for all individuals
– Prohibited gender discrimination in the workplace
– Law lacked enforcement
• Feminist Movement
– National Organization of Women
• Development of nursing specialty disciplines
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Nursing in Times of War
• Wars created situations facilitating changes in
nursing practice.
• Increase in the need for nurses
• Enhanced public awareness of nursing’s role
within society
• Korean War changed nursing practice.
– Nurses on the front line
– Nurses worked in mobile hospital units.
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Vietnam War
• Nurses were pushed beyond boundaries.
• They functioned in mobile hospital units.
• They worked without direct supervision of
physicians.
• They performed emergency procedures.
• This created feelings of restriction and unrest when
they returned home and had to practice under
limitations.
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Technology
• Technology permitted the wide use of life
support systems.
• Nurses face ethical dilemmas involving the use
of technology.
• Nurses are active in formulating policies that
address ethical issues.
• There is renewed interest and support for
Hospice nursing.
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Nursing and the Early 21st Century
• Nurses and the World Trade Center disaster
– Raised multiple questions regarding nursing’s ability
to react and respond to major disasters
• Hurricane Katrina
– Damages to hospitals
– Practicing under unfamiliar and unusual situations
• Increased disaster preparedness for nurses
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Nursing and Health-Care Reform
• Nightingale and Wald both demonstrated
nursing’s commitment to health-care reform.
– Interventions and outcomes research
– School nursing
– Health promotion/disease prevention
• Sanger
– Women’s health initiatives
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21st Century
• The 21st century brings challenges and
opportunities.
• It is estimated that 434,000 nurses will be needed
by the year 2020.
• The nursing shortage has increased the demand for
nurses.
• The Affordable Health Care Act offers opportunities
for nurses to take the lead.
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Nursing and Health Care in the Future
• Increased demand for primary health-care providers
• Nurses should be permitted to practice to the full extent
of their education.
• Greater need for advanced practice nurses
• Report from the IOM and Future of Nursing
– Advocating for BSN education
– Promoting educational mobility
• Increase in diversity of nursing workforce
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Conclusion
• Higher demand for safe, quality, and effective
nursing care
• Move toward population/community-based care
• Nurses need to become politically active.
• Nurses need to join nursing organizations that
promote quality care.
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