Article 16 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights state the three following topics:1. Men and women of full age, without limitation due to race, nationality, or religion, have the right to marry and to find a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.2. Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.3. The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitles to protection by society and the State.
-Levy, Barry. Social Injustice and Public Health, p.15.
The Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (Act 55) of 1949 was one of the first passed a set of laws of Government legislator in South Africa. This law prohibited any marriages between Europeans and non-Europeans. The law also invalidated any marriage that took place outside South Africa between a male citizen and a woman of another race. This act was one of the many laws introduced by the Apartheid government along with other policies that implemented racial separateness. Interracial marriage in the United States became legal in 1967 by the ruling of the Supreme Court. The famous case of Richard and Mildred Loving, a black and Native American woman and white man, sparked the ruling (Williams, Janice Newsweek). This couple was arrested and placed into jail. Their crime is simply that they were in love and were from different ethnic groups. The laws in place that prevented interracial couples from moving to discourage marrying elsewhere were viewed as unconstitutional and in the last fifty years, has allowed for whites and people of color to date and marry each other without being accused of breaking laws. The injustices that existed in America went against the first and third statement of Article 16 because the laws in place did not allow marriage based on race and many did not recognize mixed families. These injustices could have led to a decrease in legitimizing a family thereby decreasing a family’s opportunity for jobs, school, community, services and more. Apartheid was a system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination that existed in South Africa between 1948 through 1991. It wasn’t until 1985 Act 72, The Immortality and Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act of 1985 were repelled. This law was not only one of the first to implement in 1949 but also one of the first legislative steps towards ending Apartheid. This new policy allowed sex/marriage between Black African Citizens/non-whites and whites. In many countries, in the past and present, marriages have been arranged by parents of many young females to males under undesirable circumstances either because of the males’ older age, no prior connection to the man, demeanor of the male, and a female’s wishes to stay unmarried. Many families do it to pay off debts to save and provide for the remainder of their household. Unfortunately, many countries allow this injustice to occur such as Niger, Somalia India, Iran and more with cases of “15 million girls before the age of 18 a year (girlsnotbrides.org). The main reason this occurs is there is a high stigma of male superiority over females that causes young girls to be victimized and abused. This injustice goes against the first and second statement of Article 16 because these girls are just children, being pawned off to grown men without consent.2/Zaid Kazazzi Pamela Kersey HED 204 .Apr 27th , 2019 . Hi , My name is Zaid , My major is “ Computer engineering “ , I love my Career I’m working hard to get my degree soon . I took HED 204 Cause I planed already to take it since I did my EP “ Education plan “ . and I like it so far .. I hose Article 26 which is talking about education which it what we need to know in this course and specifically in health .?Education is a key feature for preparing people for the future. Educations remain the key to the future since it open avenues for learners to find ways of making the future better. Education provides students with the knowledge to fight with life challenges by applying their fundamental skills, talents and embracing collaborations. Education is a source of knowledge, and it helps give individuals a new perspective of looking at life in a different way than the average person. It is crucial to ascertain that education is essential for progression(Levy & Sidel, 2013). Good characters are nurtured through embracing education. Thus it should be protected against breaches. According to article 26, each person is assured the right to education. It is deemed free especially in both elementary and fundamental stages of life. The report assures that education should be provided whole to strengthen and develop the human personality. However, it is against the commitments of the policy finding out that education has been breached worldwide. For instance, education in the United States remains centralized to the Native Americans. That is a higher percentage of students in colleges and universities are Native Americans, while a small number represents African Americans and Hispanic. Regardless, the distribution of student loan services has been subject to the data breach. Only four out of 10 students are in school in Somalia(Brittany, 2014). According to an article published in foxbusiness.com, a letter sent to the students affected by the breach cited that about 16,500 students’ loans were sent to the unnamed business. The breach is a representation of the malpractices within the education system with many people trying to find their ways into stealing money allocated to students or directing loans to unassigned users(Amy, 2018). In addition, the education system is designed to favor the rich while undermining the potential of poor children. Many countries have resisted a higher number of poor students failing to join post-secondary institutions due to lack of fee to support education. On the other hand, nations like Somalia have difficulties sending students to school. Consequently, it is reasonable to infer that the article does not serve the intended purpose since there exists an unequal distribution of education. Separation by the color lines still divides people in the western world, particularly, United States(Darling-Hammond, 2016).
3/My name is Alec, and I chose to take this course because I am aspiring to major in Public Health. I find the topic very interesting because of how diverse the subject is, and that it tends to focus on the communities around the world, and help serve, and protect many of the minorities in it. For a long time I was interested in Nursing, and other subjects in the health care field, but after working in Environmental Health and Safety I feel as if a broader subject such as Public Health would be more satisfying to me, and definitely interests me a lot. I love helping people when I can, and feel as if this will give me many opportunities to do well in the world.
There are many injustices around the world. Everything from Human slavery to sex trafficking is continuously going on. Though law enforcement can do their best to try and limit these saddening events it seems as if corrupt countries, and underdeveloped nations will allow these things to strive in order for people to have an opportunity to make money, and make ends meet which inevitably bleeds into our own social/economic community. For these reasons Article 5 in the United Nations General Assembly Universal Declaration of Human Rights is one of the most important statements in the entire declaration. The Article states, “No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treat- ment or punishment”. This article exemplifies everything from the treatment in the court of law, to day to day life of individuals in their community that protects them from a multitude of things. Unfortunately this article is continuously being breached all over the world, and sadly, a lot of it is happening right under our noses here is San Diego.
Our border here in San Diego is a very tough environment. On the United States side we have people trying their hardest to live the American dream, while on Mexico side we have a large amount of that community striving just to make ends meet. With Mexico having a rough history of corruption, and a huge involvement in the drug trade/human smuggling organizations it is a great example of a Country that is diminishing the words of Article 5, and a great explanation as to why “Human trafficking is San Diego’s 2nd largest underground economy after drug trafficking” (
https://www.sandiego.edu/peace/faculty-and-research/research/human-trafficking-study.php (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
). The people being trafficked across national borders, and even around the United States are done so against their own will, and in “degrading”/”inhumane” ways that no one should ever be subjected to. Not only are they being treated poorly, but statistics from one of the largest studies done on Human trafficking noted that “The average victim is trafficked for about three years before reaching the attention of law enforcement” ( https://www.sandiego.edu/peace/faculty-and-research/research/human-trafficking-study.php (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.). It is one thing to go through a single event that degrades you as an individual, but to live a life like that for multiple years is something that I cannot even imagine.
California is exemplified as a melting pot due to all the different cultures, races, etc. Though a melting pot is a beneficial subject in our society it can also have major consequences. One major consequence is the amount of gangs it brings into our community. These gangs bring about violence, and many different crimes to the table. Unfortunately a lot of the local gangs here in San Diego, and close proximity, are involved in sex trafficking. The large study of major sex trafficking showed that “…110 gangs in San Diego County from a wide variety of neighborhoods and racial/ethnic backgrounds have members that are engaged in profiting from sex trafficking in San Diego.” (
https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/249857.pdf (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
).
It was explained in the study that many of the people that fall victim sex trafficking can be as young as 16 years of age, and fall into a vortex situation that brings them in so deep they don’t have an easy chance of escaping. Falling into such situation at such a young age will ruin you for life, and becoming a victim to such circumstances will lead into a horrible environment filled with crime, drugs, and sexual violence. Ami Carpenter, Ph.D., stated in the study that “Sex trafficking is a subset of human trafficking, a crime akin to modern-day slavery and a global security and justice challenge” (The State of Human Trafficking Law, Policy and Education) , and I could not agree more. It is a huge breach in Article 5 from the United Nations General Assembly Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and something that no one should ever have to go through.
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