Chapter 10THE UNITED
KINGDOM
Chapter 10: Overview
• Country Description
• Brief History of the Healthcare System
• Description of the Healthcare System
• Evaluation of the Healthcare System
• Emerging Challenges
• Conclusion
Country Description
• History
• Government or Political System
• Macroeconomics
• Major Industries, Ports and Airports,
and Infrastructure and Transportation
Development
Demographics
• Age Distribution of the Population
• Education Levels of the Population
• Major Religious Groups
Brief History of the Healthcare System
• Pre-World War II
– Hospitals
– General practice
– Payment
• Private
• Government
Brief History of the Healthcare System
• Post-World War II
– Emergence of the modern system
– Development of the Ministry of Health
Description of the Healthcare System
• Delivery at the local level
• Connecting for Health
Description of the Healthcare System
• Primary Care
– Community based
– Practice-based Commissioning
• Others Care
Description of the Healthcare System
• Secondary Care
– NHS Acute Trusts
– NHS Foundation Trusts
Description of the Healthcare System
• Secondary Care
– Employment of professional staff
• Long-term care
• Private sector
Description of the Healthcare System
• Facilities
– GP surgeries
– Hospitals
Description of the Healthcare System
• Workforce
– Medical education
• Technology and equipment
Evaluation of the Healthcare System
• Cost
– Funding
– NHS Plan
Evaluation of the Healthcare System
• General Medical Services contract
– Payment for results
• Primary Medical Services
Evaluation of the Healthcare System
• Quality
– Population health measures
• Access
• Innovation
Current and Emerging Issues and
Challenges
• Increase in private sector participation
• Waiting times
• Utilization review
• Increasing costs and budget restraints
Current and Emerging Issues and
Challenges
• Growing and aging population is increasing
demand
• Significant pressure on the government to
erase a budget deficit
• Budget restraint is for NHS trusts and
foundation trusts
• Passage of the Health and Care Act of 2016
lays the groundwork for improvement
Conclusion
• Continues as a fairly stable health system
• Political upheaval and budget pressure
affecting the health system’s stability
• System is designed for primary, public health,
and tertiary care
• Health outcomes some of the best in the world
• Aging population remains a major challenge
This Section Reserved
for Instructors
Suggested Discussion or Research
Questions
General Question Categories
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Structure and Evaluation Healthcare Services and Systems
Global Burden of Disease
Cultural Influences
Medical Travel and Tourism and Off Shoring
Health Communication, Marketing, Social Marketing
Data and Measurement
Policy, Strategy, and the Regulatory Environment
Global Health Leadership
International Best Practices
Discussion or Research Questions
• Some experts state the National Health System (NHS) in the
United Kingdom is ‘not fit for the future’ and unless it
undergoes radical change. Many think it may be forced to
abandon free healthcare for all. Do you believe this statement?
Why or why not?
• What types of organizations are responsible for the delivery of
care in the National Health Services?
• Delivery of care is divided into primary and secondary
systems. Who is responsible for funding and providing care
within each of the systems?
Discussion or Research Questions
• Describe the role of the private sector in the national
healthcare delivery system.
• How are primary care services reimbursed and describe the
pay-for-performance component of the reimbursement system?
Suggested Topic Areas To Use When Facilitating
Discussions, Projects, or Case Studies
• Engagement of stakeholders
• Effectively working in and managing teams
• Learning how to get in front of the problem or identify
opportunities
• Learning to communicate effectively
• Assessment of solutions that fit the country
• Embracing systems thinking
• Recognize and embrace diversity
• Sustaining the mission of health as well as health care
Links to Suggested Images
• https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialca
re/healthcaresystem/articles/expenditureonhealthcareintheuk/2015-03-26
• http://evidencenetwork.ca/archives/24206
• http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/fundreports/2014/jun/mirror-mirror
• https://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-around-world/western-centraleurope-north-america/uk
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