first question :
Have you known someone (including yourself) who regularly violates Grice’s Maxims in their interactions (i.e. interrupts and/or talks over others)? Which maxim did they violate andhow?
second assignment :
Discovering Research Questions & Premises
Read each of the following abstracts and determine/write down at least one research question from the study. Then identify one premise. You can try to identify two premises if you want more practice. The first has been done for you as an example. In your submission, you should write the full reference in correct APA format. On the next line, write
RQ:
with the research question. One the next line, write
P1:
with the premise.
Randall, W. M., & Rickard, N. S. (2017). Reasons for personal music listening: A mobile experience sampling study of emotional outcomes. Psychology of Music, 45(4), 479–495. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735616666939
An important aspect of researching everyday music use is determining the reasons people have for listening to music. While this has been the focus of an extensive body of research, findings have been inconsistent, and the frequencies and affective outcomes of different reasons for listening remain unclear. Emotional reasons for listening are of particular interest, as these have been consistently shown to be of central importance to everyday music use. The current study aimed to provide empirical data to clarify the frequencies of reasons for listening, and their affective outcomes, by using the experience sampling method (ESM). Participants (N= 327; mean age 21.02 years, SD = 6.18) used the MuPsych app, a mobile ESM designed for the real-time and ecologically valid measurement of personal music listening. Results revealed that emotional reasons were most frequently used only when the listener was in a negative mood. Listening to cope with a situation or forget problems was associated with negative affective states and poor emotional health and well-being. It was concluded that personal music listening is utilised to fulfil specific emotional needs, which are determined by initial mood, and influenced by emotional health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
RQ: Why do people listen to music?
P1 (Premise 1): People listen to music to cope with negative emotional states.
Gato, W. E., Posick, C., Williams, A., & Mays, C. (2018). Examining the link between the human microbiome and antisocial behavior: Why criminologists should care about biochemistry, too. Deviant Behavior, 39(9), 1191–1201.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2017.1410373
Objective: The expansion of technology enables closer examination of human biological functioning which has exponentially increased knowledge about how the human organism interacts with surrounding environs to produce certain behaviors. The contemporary biosocial model pushes crime theorists and researchers alike to consider the many biological factors that may be implicated in violent behavior and how those factors are ameliorated or exacerbated by environmental influences (and vice versa). This paper describes the human microbiome and discusses why and how the human microbiome should be incorporated into biosocial investigations of violent behavior. Method: To date, a fairly significant knowledge-base has accumulated regarding the evolutionary, genetic, and sociological bases of violent behavior but has not yet carefully considered other factors related to biochemistry: namely, the microbiome. We review the emerging literature on the role of the microbiome on phenotypes––particularly antisocial behavior––and synthesize the contribution of this literature to the study of antisocial behavior. Results: The microbiome is likely an important contributor to animal and human behavior. Recent studies show that the microbiome holds promise in explaining antisocial behavior among a wide range of species including humans. Conclusion: Criminological theory and public policy can incorporate knowledge about the microbiome in the explanation of violent behavior, and prevention and intervention efforts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
RQ:P1:
Pennycook, G., Cannon, T. D., & Rand, D. G. (2018). Prior exposure increases perceived accuracy of fake news. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 147(12), 1865–1880.
https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000465.supp
(Supplemental)
The 2016 U.S. presidential election brought considerable attention to the phenomenon of ‘fake news’: entirely fabricated and often partisan content that is presented as factual. Here we demonstrate one mechanism that contributes to the believability of fake news: fluency via prior exposure. Using actual fake-news headlines presented as they were seen on Facebook, we show that even a single exposure increases subsequent perceptions of accuracy, both within the same session and after a week. Moreover, this ‘illusory truth effect’ for fake-news headlines occurs despite a low level of overall believability and even when the stories are labeled as contested by fact checkers or are inconsistent with the reader’s political ideology. These results suggest that social media platforms help to incubate belief in blatantly false news stories and that tagging such stories as disputed is not an effective solution to this problem. It is interesting, however, that we also found that prior exposure does not impact entirely implausible statements (e.g., ‘The earth is a perfect square’). These observations indicate that although extreme implausibility is a boundary condition of the illusory truth effect, only a small degree of potential plausibility is sufficient for repetition to increase perceived accuracy. As a consequence, the scope and impact of repetition on beliefs is greater than has been previously assumed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
RQ:
P1:
Valsala, P., Devanathan, S., & Kuttappan, S. M. (2018). Association of family challenges with self-esteem and perceived social support among Indian adolescents. Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-018-0553-5
The family micro-system is important in the development of any individual. Defects or deviations in its normative functioning affect the development of a child. These defects may include child maltreatment or abuse, be it physical, sexual, emotional, or neglect. Within this domain, in our view, there does not appear to be adequate development related to the understanding of, and intervention for, emotional abuse. Emotional abuse extends from explicit acts to invisible causative factors of neglect or humiliation. In this work, through quantitative and qualitative empirical evidence, we have attempted to associate family challenges with self-esteem (SE) and perceived social support. The study was carried out on a sample of early-adolescent high school students in the state of Kerala, India. We found a significant difference in SE between adolescents who reported challenges at home and those who did not. We also observed the limited role of age as a determinant in this differentiation. The current work serves to significantly supplement the understanding of causal relationships in the discourse on emotional abuse in the context of child development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
RQ:P1:
Thaler, A., Arad, S., Schleider, L.B.-L., Knaani, J., Taichman, T., Giladi, N., & Gurevich, T. (2018). Single center experience with medical cannabis in gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.10.004
INTRODUCTION: Patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) experience reduced function and impaired quality of life. The current medical treatments for this syndrome can cause significant side effects and offer partial symptomatic relief. In a few small trials medical cannabis (MC) has been suggested to offer symptomatic relief with a relatively benign side effect profile. We conducted a real-life assessment of clinical benefit and adverse effects of chronic MC treatment among patients with GTS.
METHODS
: GTS patients treated with MC were interviewed via phone regarding treatment efficacy and side effect profile from chronic MC consumption. Global efficacy was rated on a Likert scale of 1–5 and side effects of treatment were recorded.
RESULTS
: Forty-Two GTS patients (33 males, mean age 34.5) were interviewed for this study. The total global impression score of efficacy was 3.85 out of a total 5 possible points. Patients reported during the free discussion part of the interview about reduction in tic severity, better sleep and improved mood as positive effects of MC. Thirty-eight patients reported any kind of benefit from treatment while 10 patients with more than one year of consumption elected to stop treatment with MC for various reasons including severe side effects as psychosis in one patient. CONCLUSION: MC seems to hold promise in the treatment of GTS as it demonstrated high subjective satisfaction by most patients however not without side effects and should be further investigated as a treatment option for this syndrome. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
RQ:P1:
third assignment :
You will submit your research question, two premises, and hypothesis for your paper as word document. Please use the following format. Remember that the RQ is written as a question, while the premises and hypothesis are written as statements. Your premises should have citations. RQ:P1:P2:H:
fourth assignment :
Please submit your reference page in correct APA format using the sources for you paper.
last assignment : This critique will be done using an approved article.
Questions 1-5 should be in note format.
ALLQUESTIONS SHOULD BE ANSWERED IN YOUR OWN WORDS!! DO NOT COPY INFORMATION FROM THE ARTICLE!! Copying information will result in a zero on this assignment.
1) Reference for this article in APA format. (Do not provide me with the studies references)
2) What is the theoretical issue or research question that is study is addressing?
– What psychological processes or abilities are being studied?
3) What background information is needed from this study?
– Definition of terms
– Important information from studies/theories.
– References that may be useful
4) What conclusions did they make about their findings?
5) What new information did we gain from this study?
examples for this assignment
Reference for this article in APA format. (Do not provide me with the study’s references)
GENERAL
(1) Provide a paragraph summarizing the article. This should not be a copy of the abstract. You will need to include the pertinent information (similar to the abstract) and (2) add a few sentences about why/how this particular article will be used for your literature review. How will you incorporate this article into your final paper?
INTRODUCTION/LITERATURE REVIEW
(3) Provide a few sentences about the main points of the literature review. Remember that you must cite who they cite.
(4)Follow this with bullet points of CRITQUES – what did they do wrong, miss, not make clear, etc.
(5)Finish by providing the research question(s) AND hypothesis (labeled RQ: and H:)
METHODS
(6)Provide bullet points of the basic methods (who were the participants {break up by demographic information that is provided}, how many participants, how were they recruited, what were the study procedures (survey, observation, etc.), and any other important information.
(7)Follow this with bullet points of CRITQUES – what did they do wrong, miss, not make clear, were there sampling issues, etc.
RESULTS
(8)What were the major findings of the study? I don’t expect you to fully understand all of the statistics, just give me that statements about the findings. No bullet points needed critiquing this section.
DISCUSSION
(9)Provide a few sentences about what the findings mean in the greater context of the literature.
(10)Follow this with bullet points of CRITQUES – what did they do wrong, miss, not make clear, future directions for research not addressed or not adequately addressed by this article, etc. Essentially, you are recording the weaknesses of the study (in the bullet points). This section should be significant; a few points will not suffice.
(11)If you have any overarching critiques (say improper grammar, general lack of clarity, etc.) include that here and offer examples (perhaps locations of such errors).
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Formatting
Title Page
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Outline
