Full order description:
? MAIN DETAILS: Unit VIII As the Environmental Health and Safety Manager (EHS Manager), conduct a fire prevention and protection audit of the following assembly area:· It measures 80 feet by 140 feet.· There are currently two 2A10B:C fire extinguishers located in the center of the room on each of the short ends (40 feet on each end of the room).· The room hazard level is rated as ordinary with moderate amounts of Class A Combustibles and only minimal amounts of flammable/combustible materials. Then based on the following information, provide a determination (you must show your math calculations) as to how many fire extinguishers are needed for this area and provide comments on their placement. Your company has several employees who are working along a conveyor line to clean up an overspill of product by manually shoveling the materials. The conveyor belt is located outdoors and will take several days to clean up. Given the following data Wet Bulb Temperature = 88 degrees F; Dry BulbTemperature = 93 degrees F; and Globe Temperature = 91 degrees F, calculate the WBGT Index. You must show your math calculations. Due to the heat, the employees are only exposed for 190 minutes at this temperature over an 8-hour workday. Assume a 75-degree F exposure for the remaining 290 minutes. Provide a recommendation on the work/rest cycle based on the information and guidance in this unit. Include any assumptions in your analysis. Finally, discuss the concept of wind chill and calculate the wind chill in degrees F based on the following information below. You must show your calculations.· Air Temperature: 10 degrees F and a Wind Speed of12 miles per hour (mph)Unit VII (OSH 4308)
PowerPoint Presentation Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) Intern Manager TrainingAs the current environmental health and safety manager(EHS), you have been assigned an intern EHS manager for the summer. You plan to present an overview of their future responsibilities. As such, you are to prepare a PowerPoint presentation for the intern environmental health and safety manager on occupational safety and health training to assist them in their new role. Begin your presentation with an introduction and an overview of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) inspection process. Continue your presentation with at least one slide to address each of the following. Be sure to include the appropriate regulation/standard where applicable.· Hazard Communication· Control of Hazardous Energy· Confined Space Entry· Personal Protective Equipment· Respiratory Protection· Fall Protection· Blood Borne Pathogens· Calculating Total Recordable Incident RatesCalculating Days Away, Restricted, or Transfer Rates· Calculating Severity Rates· Summary/Conclusion. You must include graphics or charts to reinforce the slide content presentation. You must include speaker notes at the bottom of each content slide. You are required to use at least three sources to support your presentation. All sources used must have citations and references in APA Style
Industrial hygiene Choose an operation for a workplace where you once worked or with which you are familiar where either chemical hazards or noise exposures were present. If you have never worked in a location where chemical hazards or noise are present, read about some examples on OSHA’s website, and choose one that interests you. Then, write an essay completing the following tasks. Summarize how the passage of the OSH Act of 1970 changed the way health hazards were evaluated and controlled in such an environment.2. Summarize the steps you would take to perform a hazard assessment of your chosen operation. Make sure you list the chemical hazards or noise hazards that are present using the example hazard assessment from OSHA’s website or one with which you are already familiar.3. Discuss how OSHA PELs and ACGIH TLVs are used in evaluating risks in the environment. Include a statement about which exposure limits are legally binding and why you might choose to use one type of occupational exposure limit over another type (i.e., PEL, TLV, REL).4. Discuss the use of personal protective equipment (PPE)for controlling occupational hazards versus the use of other control methods in relation to the operation you chose.5. Choose one hazard that you identified. The hazard can be a chemical or noise hazard. Summarize how you would evaluate employee exposure to the hazard. Include information about any sampling method you would use, how many samples you would collect, the types of samples you would collect (e.g., personal or area, TWA or short-term), and to which standards you would apply the results.6. Evaluate industrial hygiene management practices to implement in this case. You must include at least two sources
30TH DAAAM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING AND AUTOMATION
DOI: 10.2507/30th.daaam.proceedings.167
THE IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (OH&S)
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ON RISK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Srđan Vulanović, Marina Žižakov, Stana Vasić, Milan Delić & Nemanja Sremčev
This Publication has to be referred as: Vulanovic, S[rdjan]; Zizakov, M[arina]; Vasic, S[tana]; Delic, M[ilan] &
Sremcev, N[emanja] (2019). The Impact of Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) Management Systems on Risk
Management Practices , Proceedings of the 30th DAAAM International Symposium, pp.1188-1195, B. Katalinic (Ed.),
Published by DAAAM International, ISBN 978-3-902734-22-8, ISSN 1726-9679, Vienna, Austria
DOI: 10.2507/30th.daaam.proceedings.167
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between the key practices of occupational health and safety management systems
(OHSMS) and occupational health and safety risk management practices (OHSRMP). For the research purposes, the
authors have elaborated the theoretical constitution of research dimensions and research model was developed, in
accordance with relevant literature sources. This study was based on a questionnaire as a research instrument. The key
dimensions were operationalised with 47 manifest variables, within seven dimensions of OHSMS (i.e. leadership,
employee involvement, work environment, stress management and OHS training) and one higher-order dimension of
OHSRMP. The study was conducted in Serbia. The sample was consisted of 116 organisations, from various industry
sectors. The research model was found to be valid and reliable. In order to examine the impact of the predictors variables,
multiple linear regression was performed, using Minitab software. The results show that the relationship between
leadership and risk management is not statistically significant, whereas the other predictor variables are proved to have
strong statistically significant positive impact. OHS training has the greatest positive influence on risk management, which
is known to be one of the most important practices in effective OHSMS.
Keywords: OHSMS; Risk management; Linear regression; Stress management
1. Introduction
Many studies have recognised the important role played by the organisations management in reducing accidents [1],
[2], [3] because of that, accidents have adverse effects in terms of productivity and quality decreasements, deterioration
of the organisations public image and internal climate [4]. What this tells us is that actions on managing risks that lead to
any kind of damage to the health of employees. Therefore, factors that have a strong impact on risk management should
be explored. Thus, many authors have already established numerous factors that have a strong influence on OH&SMS,
including: (1) leadership, (2) employee involvement, (3) work environment, (4) stress management and (5) OHS training
[5].
With this paper the authors intend to point to a direct link between these factors, listed above; and risk management.
The goal is to examine the nature of these relationships and to define factors which have the greatest influence on risk
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management. This means that the future investments could be focused on improving the most influential factor, which,
consequently, leads to improving risk management.
2. Theoretical background
Based on the literature review, it can be argued that, OHSMS is measured with five factors. These are: (1) Leadership,
(2) Employee participation, (3) Work environment, (4) OHS training, (5) OHS risk management [6], [7], [8]. Accordingly,
Vulanovic et al 2019., have stated that stress is strongly connected to OHSMS factors and organisational performance.
Consequently, in this paper, stress management will also be analysed as an influential factor.
Leadership
Human resources are the most important factors for effectiveness and efficiency in organisations [9]. One of the main
elements of quality management and OHS is the role of managers in practicing leadership. [10]; [11]; [12]
Leadership is what fosters unity between leader and organisation. The leader sets OHS and other goals to match the vision
of the organisation, where the goals are formulated to achieve better capabilities for the adoption of change [13].
Organisations need effective managers and employees to achieve their objectives. [9] Additionally, the necessary
resources and training should be given to employees by top management [13]. Without full commitment of top
management (i.e. leadership), there is no effective functioning of any system.
Employee involvement
Participation of the employees in health and safety activities is studied in several references and aimed at promoting
safe behaviour and involving personnel in decision-making processes [14]. Employee involvement is one of the seven
QMS principles [5]. This principle leads to empowering people in the organisation by giving them more responsibility,
so that they understand that their contribution and their role in the organisation is important [9].
Employees should be actively involved in risk management processes linked to their workplace. Takin in consideration
they are best familiar with their everyday activities, they can easily identify the risks. Most importantly, this makes them
capable to act preventive or better said, minimize the risks in everyday activities[15].
Work environment
The working environment is the place where the work is carried out and includes jobs, working conditions, working
procedures and relationships in the work process [5]. The quality of the employees’ workplace environment most impacts
on their level of motivation, performance, but it also leads to injuries [16]. Working conditions include are: microclimate,
chemical harm, physical harm, lighting and biological harm, where all of this should be controlled every 3 years [17]. For
example, workplace noise can very much influence the level of concentration, ear damage and psychic condition. Also,
the vibrations can cause nausea and discomfort. What this tells us is that working in non-adequate environment effects
health condition of the employees on a high level [18].
Training
In accordance with the law, employees must undergo compulsory training in order to be competent to carry out their
work in the workplace [17]. In addition, employees must be trained in risk assessment at their workplace. Training and
development of employee competences, in order to improve ability, skills, and aptitudes in terms of risk prevention, is
one of the most important practices OHSMS [14].
Stress management
Estimates suggest that roughly 91.5 million working days are lost each year through stress-related illness.
Respectively, half of all work absences are due to work-related stress disorders [19], [20], [21].
The amount of work hours for employees is directly connected to the amount of caused stress. Moreover, this leads
to: reduced efficiency, reduced capacity to perform, reduced interest in working, increased rigidity of thought, lack of
concern for the organisation and colleagues and loss of responsibility. Needless to say, the possibility for work injuries is
increased. With this said, it is necessary to manage stress in order to control its consequences [18].
Risk management
Risk is the potential for a negative future reality that may or may not happen [34]. The focus of ISO standards is on
prevention. Preventive action is being replaced with risk-based thinking [22]. When planning for the OH&S management
system, the organisation shall determine the risks and opportunities that need to be addressed to give assurance that the
OH&S management system can achieve its intended outcomes; prevent, or reduce undesired effects and achieve continual
improvement. In ISO 45001, risk is defined as the combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event
and the severity of injury that can be caused [23]. Elimination of health and safety risks is the ultimate goal of an effective
OHSMS. All of the risks and their consequences must be assessed and adequately treated. This is the reason why secondorder constructs were established to describe risk management. These are: (1) Incidents, (2) Emergency situations and (3)
Risk assessment and measures.
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With the literature review, it is established that all the factors are connected to risk management; and in accordance
with the aim of the research, the hypothesis stated in the following text can be defined as:
Hypothesis 1: Leadership has positive impact on risk management
Hypothesis 2: Employee involvement has positive impact on risk management
Hypothesis 3: Work environment has positive impact on risk management
Hypothesis 4: OHS training has positive impact on risk management
Hypothesis 5: Stress management has positive impact on risk management
3. Materials
3.1 The research instruments
The questionnaire, that was used as a research instrument in this study, had 47 manifest variables relating to relevant
constructs. The questionnaire was defined by the authors of this paper. The study was conducted in 116 companies in
Serbia. The research model was empirically tested and was found to be valid and reliable. The questionnaire was
distributed electronically and manually to 446 companies (just over 50% of the assessed number of existing certified
organisations situated in Serbia). With this said, it is clear that the number of organisations that the questionnaire was
distributed to is limited by the condition of their certification. The number of certified organisations in Serbia is not on a
high level. Also, the financial indicators are excluded due to the lack of information the respondents are willing to share
in this field. After the 3 months period, responses were obtained from 166 respondents. However, only 116 correctly filled
questionnaires were taken into the consideration and analysed, leading to a total of 26% response rate. To capture the
respondents subjective estimates about the statements, a five pointunipolar Likert type scale was used [33].
In the first section, out of 8 sections the questionnaire is structured in, respondents gave background information about
themselves and their organisations. In the next sections, the construct of OHS was operationalized with a total of 32
manifest variables. According to the relevant literature sources, Occupational health and safety was operationalized with:
(1) Leadership (6 manifest variables), (2) Employee involvement (5 manifest variables), (3) Work environment (6
manifest variables), (4) Training (5 manifest variables) and (5) Risk management (14 manifest variables). The Risk
management itself, as a second order construct, was composed of: (1) Incidents (5 manifest variables), (2) Emergency
situations (4 manifest variables) and (3) Risk assessment and measures (5 manifest variables). In the seventh and eight
sections two more constructs were added: (1) Stress management (5 manifest variables) and (2) Occupational health and
safety performance (6 manifest variables). All statements used as manifest variables were affirmative, for listed
constructs.
3.2 Data collection and sample
Due to the lack of information, it can only be assumed that the number of OHSAS 18001/ISO 45001 certified
companies in Serbia is close to the number of ISO 14001 certified organisations. OHSAS 18001/ISO 45001 standard is
almost, word-for-word, identical to the ISO 14001 standard, excluding the specific terminology used in each standard.
Moreover, the authors of this paper have a lot of experience with consulting services in Serbia and region, concerning the
implementation of management standards requirements. Based on their knowledge, prevalent number of organisations
aim for the integrated implementation of both standards.
3.3 Sample demographics
The sample is consisted of 116 safety officers (i.e. organisations). Most of them were males (74, 63.8%), followed by
the less frequent female respondents (42, 36.2%). Further, all types of age groups were included into study design.
Consequently, 18 (15.5%) respondents were below the age of 30, 32 (27.6%) of them were between the age of 31 and 40,
41 (35.3%) respondents fell into the age category between 41 and 50, while 21 (18.1%) respondents were older than 51.
Only a small fraction of respondents failed to provide this data (4, 3.4%). Roughly, equal number of respondents comes
from production (36, 31%), service (46, 39.7%) and production/service (34, 29.3%) types of organisations. The number
of large (39, 33.6%), medium (29, 25%), small (23, 19.8%) and micro (24, 20.7%) organisations were also roughly equally
included into the sample, with only small number of missing data (1, 0.9%). Most of the 116 respondents come from the
industrial sector, followed by the mining and energetics (Table 1).
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30TH DAAAM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING AND AUTOMATION
Sector
Industrials
Agriculture
Mining and energetics
Traffic and transport
Public utilities
Trade and commerce
Tourism
Chemicals and pharmacy
Insurance
Education
Culture and sport
IT
Healthcare
Total
N
61
1
10
9
9
9
2
3
2
3
1
1
5
116
%
52.6
0.9
8.6
7.8
7.8
7.8
1.7
2.6
1.7
2.6
0.9
0.9
4.3
100.0
Table 1. Sample demographics by industry sectors
It can be seen that, from these answers, most of the respondents are dealing with some type of stress, whether it comes
from increased risk of injury, formal system sanctions or the lack of employee motivation towards the development of
OHS.
Moreover, such responses provide rationale towards the inclusion of SM, as an integral part of OHS. This was mostly not
the case in previous studies.
4. Methods
In order to examine the impact of the OHS key dimensions (i.e. (1) Leadership, (2) Employee involvement, (3) Work
environment, (4) OHS training and (5) Stress management) on the risk management, a multiple linear regression analysis
was performed, using Minitab software 17.1. The research model is shown on Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Research framework
In the paper, we used the regression analysis, which is one of the most widely used techniques for analysing multifactor
data. Its broad appeal and usefulness result from the conceptually logical process of using an equation to express the
relationship between variable of interest and a set of related predictor variables.
Correlation coefficients between these dimensions should indicate the level of constructs influence on “Risk
management”, which is a desired outcome. The influence of each stated construct on “Risk management” is examined in
the following paragraphs and analysed thoroughly.
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5. Research results
Delivered R2 (0.84) implies adequate relationship between predictors and “Risk management”. Analysis show that
OHS training, among other model constructs, has the greatest positive influence on “Risk management”; the delivered
value of the significant path coefficient for this construct is below 0.005. The hypothesis H2 (p=0.145), H3 (p=0.008) and
H4 (p=0.016), with their path coefficients, suggest that changes in these predictors are not associated with changes in the
response variable. (Fig. 2.)
Fig. 2. First model
Regression Equation for First model:
𝑅𝑖𝑠𝑘 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
= −4,81 + 0,270 𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝 + 0,611 𝐸𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 + 0,580 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑒𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
+ 0,800 𝑂𝐻𝑆 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 + 0,549 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 (1)
In further results we can see that the variance inflation factor (VIF) for leadership is equal to 3.72 which shows us the
consistency of this construct and based on this we decide not to reject it.
Based on the results, for the construct “Employee involvement”, the VIF is equal to 3.14 and for the “Work
environment” is 4.85, respectfully. This implies that these constructs should be merged into one. To confirm this, the
correlation analysis was performed (Table 2).
Leadership
Employee involvement
Work environment
Leadership
1
0,783
0,788
Employee involvement
Work environment
1
0,747
1
Table 2. The Pearson correlation coefficients
The roles of leadership in employee involvement can be seen through the need for motivation of employees in need
of active participation in activities such as decision making, project planning, risk management and others. Without the
right support and guidance through the engagement process, employees may feel left out or unsure of the importance of
their opinions. We decided to merge the following two constructs:
1. Leadership
2. Employee involvement
Taking in consideration a new formed predictor – leadership and employee involvement, along with the other
predictors: work environment, OHS training and stress management another linear regression was performed. Delivered
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30TH DAAAM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING AND AUTOMATION
R2 (0.82) implies improved relationship between predictors and Risk management, in contrast to the previous model.
Also, the proposed solution for the research model shows significant decreasement of constructs’ VIF’s. In the new
analysis we focus our attention on variance inflation factor (VIF) and see that VIF is lower for every construct. VIF for
leadership and employee involvement is 2.22, and for work environment is 4.76.
The final, adopted, solution of the research model shows the persistent significance of the OHS training. It has the
greatest positive influence on risk management. Subsequently, the new formed construct leadership and employee
involvement has the value H1, p=0.005.
The final model and the significant path coefficients are shown in Fig. 3., as well as the beta coefficients for the
constructs.
Fig. 3. Final Model
Regression Equation for Final model:
𝑅𝑖𝑠𝑘 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = −4,62 + 0,2123 𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑝 & 𝐸𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 + 0,733 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑒𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 +
0,953 𝑂𝐻𝑆 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 + 0,631 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 (2)
To assess the validity of the research model, in addition to afore-mentioned criteria, the distribution of residuals was
also checked. Fig. 3 shows that the assumptions regarding the normal distribution of regression analysis residuals are met.
Therefore, it could be said that residuals are distributed randomly and that there are no system errors (Fig. 4).
Fig. 4. Residual plots for risk management
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6. Discussion
Leadership actively takes accountability for the effectiveness of the risk management system. Leadership is about
establishing, implementing and maintaining an OH&S policy. This includes a commitment to provide safe and healthy
working conditions which include risk management [24]. With this said, hypothesis H1 – “Leadership and employee
involvement” is positively related to “Risk management” has been confirmed.
Work-related illnesses are very common and employees themselves should be a part of the influence on improvement
of workplace health and safety, throughout the risk management [20], [25], which confirms hypothesis H2 – “Work
environment” is positively related to “Risk management”.
The organisation shall determine the necessary competence of workers that affects or can affect its OH&S
performance. Further, it should be ensured that workers are competent (including the ability to identify hazards) on the
basis of appropriate education, training or experience [26]. The more skilled are the workers, the less chance there is for
incidents and unexpected situations to happen. Some scientific studies highlighted a strong support for the effectiveness
of training on worker OHS attitudes and beliefs [27]. According to these findings, hypothesis H3 – “OHS training” is
positively related to “Risk management” is confirmed.
We come to the conclusion, throughout the literature, that occupational stress is a major cause of chronic and longterm illnesses with different levels of stress [28]. This is all highly dependent on demographic and occupational factors.
[29]. Stress can even influence on the progress of management standard implementation reduced efficiency, decreased
capacity to perform, dampened initiative and reduced interest in working, increased rigidity of thought, a lack of concern
for the organisation and colleagues, and a loss of responsibility [29], [30], [31], [32]. Thus, Hypothesis H4 – “Stress
management” is positively related to “Risk management” is confirmed.
7. Conclusion
As it is analysed through the paper, risk management is of great importance in every organisation. The focus is on
preventive actions for unwanted situations and incidents. The paper confirmed that by focusing on training we can
influence the most elimination of risks, or if the risk cannot be eliminated, it must, at least, be minimized by certain
measures. Trainings are of great importance, first and foremost, to develop the organisation’s culture and employee
awareness, so that they can participate, freely, in all activities and promotions. In future research, we propose that the
focus is on examining methodologies for developing the consciousness and culture of the organisation in order to develop
motivation for training employees in aspect of OHS&S.
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Unit VIII (4308)
As the Environmental Health and Safety Manager (EHS Manager), conduct a fire prevention and
protection audit of the following assembly area:
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It measures 80 feet by 140 feet.
There are currently two 2A10B:C fire extinguishers located in the center of the room on each of
the short ends (40 feet on each end of the room).
The room hazard level is rated as ordinary with moderate amounts of Class A Combustibles and
only minimal amounts of flammable/combustible materials.
Then based on the following information, provide a determination (you must show your math
calculations) as to how many fire extinguishers are needed for this area and provide comments on their
placement.
Your company has several employees who are working along a conveyor line to clean up an over spill of
product by manually shoveling the materials. The conveyor belt is located outdoors and will take several
days to clean up. Given the following data Wet Bulb Temperature = 88 degree F; Dry Bulb Temperature =
93 degree F; and Globe Temperature = 91 degree F, calculate the WBGT Index. You must show your math
calculations.
Due to the heat, the employees are only exposed for 190 minutes at this temperature over an 8-hour
workday. Assume a 75 degree F exposure for the remaining 290 minutes. Provide a recommendation on
the work/rest cycle based on the information and guidance in this unit. Include any assumptions in your
analysis.
Finally, discuss the concept of wind chill and calculate the wind chill in degree F based on the following
information below. You must show your calculations.
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Air Temperature: 10 degree F and a Wind Speed of 12 miles per hour (mph)
Your journal may use headings to separate topics. It should be at least two pages in length. APA
formatting and references are not required.
Unit VII (OSH 4308)
PowerPoint Presentation
Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) Intern Manager Training
As the current environmental health and safety manager (EHS), you have been assigned an intern EHS
manager for the summer. You plan to present an overview of their future responsibilities. As such, you
are to prepare a PowerPoint presentation for the intern environmental health and safety manager on
occupational safety and health training to assist them in their new role.
Begin your presentation with an introduction and an overview of the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) inspection process.
Continue your presentation with at least one slide to address each of the following. Be sure to include
the appropriate regulation/standard where applicable.
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Hazard Communication
Control of Hazardous Energy
Confined Space Entry
Personal Protective Equipment
Respiratory Protection
Fall Protection
Blood Borne Pathogens
Calculating Total Recordable Incident Rates Calculating Days Away, Restricted, or Transfer Rates
Calculating Severity Rates
Summary/Conclusion
Your presentation must be at least 12 slides, not counting the title or reference slides. You must include
graphics or charts to reinforce the slide content presentation. You must include speaker notes at the
bottom of each content slide.
You are required to use at least three sources to support your presentation. All sources used must have
citations and references in APA Style. APA formatting is otherwise not necessary.
Industrial Hygiene
Unit VIII Essay
Choose an operation for a workplace where you once worked or with which you are familiar where
either chemical hazards or noise exposures were present. If you have never worked in a location where
chemical hazards or noise are present, read about some examples on OSHA’s website, and choose one
that interests you. Then, write an essay completing the following tasks
1. Summarize how the passage of the OSH Act of 1970 changed the way health hazards were evaluated
and controlled in such an environment.
2. Summarize the steps you would take to perform a hazard assessment of your chosen operation. Make
sure you list the chemical hazards or noise hazards that are present using the example hazard
assessment from OSHA’s website or one with which you are already familiar.
3. Discuss how OSHA PELs and ACGIH TLVs are used in evaluating risks in the environment. Include a
statement about which exposure limits are legally binding and why you might choose to use one type of
occupational exposure limit over another type (i.e., PEL, TLV, REL).
4. Discuss the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for controlling occupational hazards versus
the use of other control methods in relation to the operation you chose.
5. Choose one hazard that you identified. The hazard can be a chemical or noise hazard. Summarize how
you would evaluate employee exposures to the hazard. Include information about any sampling method
you would use, how many samples you would collect, the types of samples you would collect (e.g.,
personal or area, TWA or short-term), and to which standards you would apply the results.
6. Evaluate industrial hygiene management practices to implement in this case
Your essay must be a minimum of one page in length. You must format it using APA Style and include at
least two sources, at least one of which must be from the CSU Online Library.
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Formatting
Title Page
Citation
Outline
