?Which one of the following can help to solve the problem of misdiagnosis
Reduce the severity of illnesses
Reduced communication between patient’s healthcare providers
Increased turnaround time for tests
Improved communication between all of a patient’s healthcare providers
?Which of the following biases occurs when inappropriate subjects are chosen
Misclassification bias
Systematic bias
A broader view of bias
Selection bias
?Which of the following is an important goal of healthcare epidemiology
To improve health outcomes by reducing adverse events
?To compare the health outcomes of people from different countries
To control the diseases caused to clinicians in a hospital
To reduce the cost of healthcare products
:Q4
Which one of the following is the most important objective to investigate a potential
?outbreak
To identify the association between risk factors of the outbreak
To compare the intervention levels
To control further transmission of the outbreak
To investigate the etiological pattern
Which one of the following is a prevention and control measure that focuses on links in the
?chain of infection
To make the environment favorable for an agent to propagate
Increase the susceptibility of the host to infection
Interrupt the transmission of infectious agent
Conduct extensive research studies
?Which of the following is a characteristic of a good question for data collection
Unclear
Poorly worded
Matching verbal skills
Ambiguous
:Q7
?Which one of the following can serve as vectors
Medical devices
Surgery
At-risk population
Medical procedures
:Q8
?Which of the following interview administration methods has the highest completion rate
Mailed questionnaires
Self-administered questionnaires
Telephone questionnaires
Face to Face questionnaires
:Q9
In which one of the following measures, the denominator is the total person-time at risk and
?rate of illness
Proportion
Incidence density
Prevalence
Attack rate
:Q10
?Which of the following is an institution-appropriate control measure in an outbreak
Past methods with similar HAI can implemented quickly
The practiced method only can be used without sufficient evidence
Anticipated method already planned for the future
Region specific method implemented even its take more time
:Q11
?Which of the following elements is present in the body of the data collection form
Form code
Unique patient identifier
Questions
Form version
:Q12
?Which one of the following can cause pseudo-pneumonia
Contaminated bronchoscope
Contaminated lumbar puncture kit
Contaminated laparoscope
Contaminated endoscope
:Q13
Which one of the following measures is defined as “the ratio of the incidence rate of
?”infection in the exposed group to the incidence rate in the unexposed group
Relative risk/risk ratio
Cumulative incidence
Incidence
Prevalence
:Q14
Which one of the following is a characteristic of effective healthcare epidemiology
?programs
Should incorporate community outreach
Should focus only on medical staff
Should be restricted to one department
Should be program-oriented
:Q15
Which one of the following is considered as the evidence of healthcare-associated
?transmission
Patients and relatives got the same type of infection at the same time
Different types of infections occur in the same hospital at the same time
Health care worker got an infection from outside the hospital
Cluster of infections associated with an invasive device cluster
:Q16
?Which one of the following is an advantage of case-control study design
Backward design may not affect selection bias
Recall bias occurs
Good for rare diseases
Require large number of subjects
:Q17
Which of the following is described as the application of epidemiologic principles to
?inpatient, long-term care, and outpatient environments
Critical Epidemiology
Outpatient Epidemiology
Healthcare Epidemiology
Inpatient Epidemiology
:Q18
Which one of the following measures includes only new cases of disease with onset during a
?study period
Epidemic
Incidence
Endemic
Prevalence
المقآإلي
?What are the advantages of cohort studies
.List any four characteristics of effective healthcare epidemiology programs