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Include the following in your presentation:
1. Nursing Management/ Nursing care of this topic – What this topic is
2. Patient teaching – Why is it important
3. Explanation of what the topic is
4. Two of Watson’s Caraitas Processes need to be incorporated (how can her factors help you plan the care/improve the care for your patient) ** –
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? ATTACHED:-instructions-poster- article summary to use and its instructions with sources
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Summarizing the Articles
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Summarizing the Articles
The health of an unborn child may be severely compromised by the mother’s use of
cigarettes, alcohol, illegal substances, or prescription medication usage. This is because many
drugs a pregnant woman takes may readily cross the placenta and reach the fetus. Recent studies
have shown that the chance of having a stillbirth increases by a factor of two or three for women
who smoke cigarettes, use marijuana, or use prescription painkillers while pregnant (Abuse,
2020). About 5 percent of pregnant women are addicts. “Neonatal abstinence syndrome” (NAS)
occurs when a baby is born to a mother who regularly uses drugs. Opioid (including prescription
painkillers and heroin) effects have been studied extensively. There is evidence, however, that
prenatal exposure to substances, including alcohol, or benzodiazepines, as well as barbiturates,
and caffeine, may also result in withdrawal symptoms in the newborn (Abuse, 2020). Infant
withdrawal symptoms vary in form and intensity based on several factors, including the drug(s)
taken, the duration and frequency of the birth mother’s usage, the drug’s metabolism in her body,
and the baby’s gestational age at delivery (Abuse, 2020).
According to “American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists” (2017), pregnancyrelated opioid usage has skyrocketed in recent years, mirroring the nationwide pandemic. All
medical professionals should do everything they can to stop the opioid crisis. Women struggling
with drug abuse may be effectively diagnosed and treated during pregnancy. Women of all racial
and ethnic backgrounds, income levels, and geographical locations (rural, urban, and suburban)
suffer from substance use problems. Therefore, widespread screening is required. With the
woman’s consent, comprehensive obstetric care should include screening for drug use at the
initial prenatal appointment. It is vital to distinguish and differentiate between opioid use in the
context of the medical treatment, as well as opioid abuse, also untreated opioid use disorder since
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these patients who take opioids during pregnancy constitute a “heterogeneous population.”
Medical, or developmental, and social services should all be part of a multidisciplinary approach
to long-term follow-up (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2017). Pregnant
mothers who take opioids should have their newborns checked for neonatal abstinence syndrome
by a pediatrician. At the initial prenatal appointment, pregnant women and their providers should
work together to conduct a screening for drug use as part of standard obstetric treatment. Missed
diagnoses are possible when screening is performed only based on variables like poor adherence
to prenatal care or a history of adverse pregnancy outcomes (“American College of Obstetricians
and Gynecologists, 2017”). Therefore, widespread screening is required. Pregnant women who
use opioids or have an opioid use disorder have better results for themselves and their babies if
screened and intervened with as early as possible, even if only for a short time. The most
excellent chance of the “assisting newborns” and also families is via a “coordinated
interdisciplinary approach” without criminal consequences.
According to Stone (2015) there is a public health and legal issue with maternal
substance abuse. In spite of the fact that the adverse health effects of substance use harm both the
mother and the developing fetus, there are persistent efforts to the criminalize drug use during
pregnancy, that puts pregnant women who use substances in risk of identification, arrest, and
punishment (Stone, 2015). Treatment professionals, Child Protective Services caseworkers,
judges, lawyers, social workers, and law enforcement were all targets of their frustration and
wrath. A greater understanding of the viewpoints of those on the “other side” of this societal
dilemma is necessary since, in many circumstances, women’s anger and disgust with the system
felt warranted. To further understand the system and find ways to alleviate women’s frustration
and anger, future studies should include the opinions of medical experts, CPS caseworkers, and
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members of the judicial system (Stone, 2015). “Pregnancy” and “motherhood” are emotionally
charged social situations that need a compassionate as well as evidence-based approach to
addressing the social issue of substance abuse. Women should be listened to more carefully since
they know best about their lives. Their chance of complying with treatment and possible
resistance to drug use is significantly affected by their views of obstacles to care and the sorts of
therapy they get. This research allowed them to share their perspectives and highlighted fruitful
areas for further study and policy-making (Stone, 2015). Future studies should focus on
improving this group’s maternal and newborn health outcomes.
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References
Abuse, N. I. on D. (2020). Substance Use While Pregnant and Breastfeeding. National Institute
on Drug Abuse. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/substance-use-inwomen/substance-use-while-pregnantbreastfeeding#:~:text=Recent%20research%20shows%20that%20smoking
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2017). Opioid Use and Opioid Use
Disorder in Pregnancy. Acog.org. https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinicalguidance/committee-opinion/articles/2017/08/opioid-use-and-opioid-use-disorder-inpregnancy
Stone, R. (2015). Pregnant women and substance use: fear, stigma, and barriers to care. Health &
Justice, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-015-0015-5
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