Lab 9 The Endocrine SystemBIO201L
Student Name: Click here to enter text.
Access Code (located on the lid of your lab kit): Click here to enter text.
Pre-Lab Questions
”1. What is the function of the endocrine system?”
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”2. Research two types of hormones and describe the mode of action for each. ”
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”3. Which gland is both endocrine and exocrine? ”
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”4. Which hormones control the fight or flight response? ”
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”5. What is type 1 diabetes and what is the treatment for this disease? ”
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”6. Describe how Ca2+ levels in the blood are regulated by hormones. ”
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”7. How do the nervous and endocrine systems work together to maintain homeostasis of the body? ”
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Experiment 1: Microscopic Anatomy of the Endocrine System
Table 2: Experiment 1 Image Observations
Image Type
Image Observations
Thyroid Gland
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Parathyroid Gland
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Pancreas
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Adrenal Gland
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Lab 9 The Endocrine System
Image Type
Image Observations
Pituitary Gland
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Anterior Pituitary
Gland
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Post-Lab Questions
”1. Label the items in the following slide images based on your observations. ”
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B- Click here to enter text.
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Lab 9 The Endocrine System
2. Identify the indicated components in the slide image below.
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Lab 9 The Endocrine System
3. Identify the indicated components in the slide image below.
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”4. Define what a hormone is. ”
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”5. How do hormones establish selectivity? ”
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”6. Explain how insulin regulates glucose levels in the blood. ”
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Lab 9 The Endocrine System
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Experiment 2: Stress Response
Table 3: Effect of Temperature on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate
Time
Heart Rate
(beats/minute)
Blood Pressure (mmHg;
systolic/diastolic)
Initial – Normal Temperature
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text.
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30 Seconds in Ice Water
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60 Seconds in Ice Water
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90 Seconds in Ice Water
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120 Seconds in Ice Water
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Final – Dry
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Table 4: Effect of Posture on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate
Time
Heart Rate
(beats/minute)
Blood Pressure (mmHg)
Initial – Sitting
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Initial – Standing
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1 Minute Standing
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2 Minutes Standing
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Final – 2 minutes Sitting
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Lab 9 The Endocrine System
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Post-Lab Questions
”1. Write your hypothesis for the “Testing Temperature” portion of this experiment. Be sure to include
how you think the decreased temperature will affect blood pressure and heart rate, and, why. ”
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”2. Write your hypothesis for the “Testing Body Position” portion of this experiment. Be sure to include
how you think blood pressure and heart rate will vary when you sit versus when you stand. ”
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”3. Explain your results in terms of the endocrine system. Indicate how the endocrine system is involved
in the physiological response to temperature and body position. ”
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”4. Which glands are most likely to be involved with the physiological response caused in this
experiment? Which hormones are most likely to be involved? ”
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”5. How does this experiment demonstrate the “fight or flight” response? ”
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Experiment 3: Fetal Pig Dissection – Endocrine System
Post-Lab Questions
”1. Describe the techniques utilized while dissecting the outer muscle layers of your pig. ”
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”2. What surprised you about the internal anatomy of the pig? ”
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”3. What is unique about the glands of the endocrine system? ”
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”4. Explain the function of the thyroid gland and the hormones it secretes. Include how the release of
hormone is regulated and what cells the hormone act on. ”
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Lab 9 The Endocrine System
BIO201L
”Insert photo of your pig’s exposed pancreas with your name and access code handwritten clearly in
the background: ”
Lab 7 The Muscular System
BIO201L
Student Name: Click here to enter text.
Access Code (located on the lid of your lab kit): Click here to enter text.
Pre-Lab Questions
”1. How do banding patterns change when a muscle contracts?”
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”2. What is the difference between a muscle organ, a muscle fiber, myofibril and a
myofilament? ”
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”3. Outline the molecular mechanism for skeletal muscle contraction. At what point is ATP used
and why? ”
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”4. Explain why rigor mortis occurs. ”
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Experiment 1: Tendons and Ligaments
Post-Lab Questions
”1. Label the arrows in the slide images below based on your observations from the
experiment. ”
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B- Click here to enter text.
C- Click here to enter text.
D- Click here to enter text.
E- Click here to enter text.
F- Click here to enter text.
Lab 7 The Muscular System
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Lab 7 The Muscular System
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”2. How does the extra cellular matrix of connective tissues contribute to its function? ”
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”3. Why are tendons and ligament tissues difficult to heal? ”
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”4. What difference do you see between the tendon – muscle insertion image and the tendon
image? ”
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”5. What differences do you see between the tendon and ligament sections? ”
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Lab 7 The Muscular System
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Experiment 2: The Neuromuscular Junction
Post-Lab Questions
”1. Are there few or many nuclei at the end plate? ”
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”2. What is a motor unit? ”
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”3. How is a greater force generated (in terms or motor unit recruitment)? ”
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”4. What types of sensors are present within the muscle to identify how much force is
generated? ”
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Experiment 3: Muscle Fatigue
Table 2: Experimental Counts
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4
Trial 5
Predicted Value
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Actual Value
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Post-Lab Questions
”1. How did the predicted results compare to the actual results? ”
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”2. Did you notice any changes in the number of repetitions you could perform, or how your
hand felt after each of the trials? ”
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”3. Explain the actions that were occurring at the cellular level to produce this movement.
Include sources of energy and any possible effect of muscle fatigue. ”
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”4. Hypothesize what would happen if blood flow was restricted to the hand when this
experiment is performed. ”
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Lab 7 The Muscular System
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Experiment 4: Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System
Table 3: Gross Anatomy Data
Movement
Muscle(s) Activated
Action(s) of Muscle(s)
Forearm Extended (Step 1)
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Fingers Extended and Splayed (Step 1)
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Fingers Retracted (Step 1)
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Forearm Pressed Down Upon (Step 2)
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Elbow Bent (Step 3)
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Arm Raised to Side with Heavy Object (Step
4)
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Arm Extended Back with Heavy Object
(Step 4)
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(lower limbs; student selects action…)
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(lower limbs; student selects action…)
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(lower limbs; student selects action…)
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(lower limbs; student selects action…)
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(lower limbs; student selects action…)
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(lower limbs; student selects action…)
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(lower limbs; student selects action…)
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Post-Lab Questions
1. Label the human muscle diagram.
Lab 7 The Muscular System
A – Click here to enter text.
B – Click here to enter text.
C – Click here to enter text.
D – Click here to enter text.
E – Click here to enter text.
F – Click here to enter text.
G – Click here to enter text.
H – Click here to enter text.
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Lab 7 The Muscular System
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2. Which muscle(s) were used to extend your arms backward?
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3. Which muscle(s) were used to extend and splay your fingers outward?
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Experiment 5: ATP and Muscle Fatigue
Table 4: Muscle Fatigue Data
Trial
Time (seconds)
Trial 1
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Trial 2
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Trial 3
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Post-Lab Questions
”1. What happened to the time intervals between Trial 1 and Trial 3? What caused this
change? ”
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”2. Identify three muscles which were engaged during the wall-sit. ”
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”3. Explain the biochemical reasoning behind muscle fatigue. ”
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Experiment 6: The Virtual Model – The Muscular System (Upper Body)
Insert screenshot of the latissimus dorsi muscle:
Lab 7 The Muscular System
BIO201L
Insert screenshot of the greater pectoral muscle:
Insert screenshot of the brachial muscle:
Post-Lab Questions
”1. What is the scientific term for the muscles of the mouth? ”
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”2. What is the scientific name of the muscle that facilitates the raising of the lower lip? Is it on
the ventral or dorsal side of the body?
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”3. Which muscle is deeper in the body: the internal oblique muscle or the transverse
abdominal muscle?
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4. Is the trapezius muscle located in the abdomen, back, head, neck or thorax? ”
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”5. What muscle is more medial, the deltoid muscle or the greater pectoral muscle?
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Lab 7 The Muscular System
Experiment 7: The Virtual Model – The Muscular System (Lower Body)
Insert screenshot of the semitendinous muscle:
Insert screenshot of the soleus muscle:
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Lab 7 The Muscular System
BIO201L
Insert screenshot of the gracilis muscle:
Post-Lab Questions
1. What is the role of the long extensor muscle of the toes? Which toes does it control?
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2. What is an adductor muscle? List three examples of adductor muscles here.
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3. Is the gracilis muscle located in the foot, hip, leg, or thigh muscle group?
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4. Relate the location of the semitendinous muscle and the greater gluteal muscle.
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5. Which muscle is most distal: the pectineal muscle, the soleus muscle, or the abductor
muscle of the great toe?
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Experiment 8: Fetal Pig Dissection – Muscular System
Table 5: Experimental Data
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Movement
Pectoralis major
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text.
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Latissimus dorsi
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text.
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Deltoids
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text.
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Lab 7 The Muscular System
BIO201L
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Movement
Rectus abdominis
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Transverse abdominis
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Gluteus medius
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Post-Lab Questions
”1. Describe the tissue that covers muscles. ”
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”2. How many layers of abdominal muscle are there? ”
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”3. What direction do the muscle fibers of the external oblique run? ”
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”4. Why are muscle fibers considered excitable? ”
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”5. Why is it important to have both flexors and extensors? ”
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”6. How can muscle mass be influenced by training or age? ”
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”Insert image of pig with skin removed with your name and kit code clearly visible in the
background: ”
Lab 7 The Muscular System
BIO201L
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