I need the most recent and updated research about Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Please Focused in:
1. Patient assessment ( physical exam with UTI, including burning urination, fever….)
2. Nursing care plan
3. Pharmacologic treatment
4. Non-pharmacology treatment.
5. Differential diagnosis (more than 3)
6. Follow up, and Prognosis
1
Running head: HERNIATED DISC
Herniated Disc Condition
Name
Institutional Affiliation
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HERNIATED DISC
Herniated Disc Condition
Patient Assessment
After the discussion of the condition’s history, the physician afterward performs a
physical assessment on the patient. The assessment may entail various processes. Neurological
assessment is one of the procedures, this procedure enables the doctor to know whether you have
sensation loss or muscle weakness (Ghatge, 2018). On this assessment, the doctor records on
how you move by the use of your toe and heel. He likewise assesses whether you are able to feel
anything by touching your foot and leg. Reflexes on ankle and knee should likewise be tested.
The other assessment conducted is known as the Straight Leg Raise Test and it is a very reliable
method for assessing herniated disc for the patients who are below 35 years. The other
assessment method that can be used is the back pain, in the event that the patient is experiencing
lower back pain, he is most probably diagnosed with this condition.
Nurse Care Plan
When it comes to taking care of the patient with Herniated disc condition, there are two
stages of the herniated disc care plan. The first phase of treatment deals with disease symptoms
and treatment. In this treatment, drugs are mostly used. Example of the drugs used include those
ones issued over-the-counter and this is following the doctor’s recommendation, such drugs
include ibuprofen. There are narcotics like codeine, there are Anticonvulsants which aids in
radiating pain related to the nervous system. Cortisone injections and muscle relaxer are likewise
administered during the treatment (Ramani, 2014). The other phase is whereby some
recommendations and training are offered to the patients to prevent future occurrence of the
condition. In this phase, physiotherapy may be of great use. The nurse always ensures that the
patient is taking the correct medication and doses during the treatment.
Pharmacologic treatment
In this phase, drugs are administered to the patients; these drugs vary from painkillers to
those ones that treat the condition (Revord, 2019). There are narcotics like codeine and
anticonvulsants which play a major role in radiating the pain in the nervous system. There are
those ones issued over-the-counter with doctors recommendation like ibuprofen.
Non-pharmacology treatment
This form of treatment involves physiotherapy and surgery. In the physical treatment, the
doctor may recommend a number of physical activities which may depict minimum pain to the
patient. The other non-pharmacology method may involve surgery on the infected part of the
spinal cord and in this case, is the lower back (Halikov & Abduhalikov, 2017)
Differential diagnosis
Osteophytes
The condition alludes to the noninflammatory procedure that develops majorly because
of the collapse of the intervertebral disc. There are ordinary aging processes.
Disc cyst
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HERNIATED DISC
This is a condition which alludes to a rare lesion that causes radicular or lumbar pain.
There is no comprehensive history and management of the condition.
Neurinoma
This is a condition which at many times account for a third of the total spinal primitive
tumors (Kulkarni, 2014). They are mostly found in the lumbosacral region of the spine and it is
mostly diagnosed at the age of 40 years. This condition in the lumbosacral is not common.
Synovial Cyst
This is also known as ganglion cysts or juxtafacet cysts are basically not common and
match with a synovial proliferation in the juxtaposition of the interapophysiary joint.
Follow up, and Prognosis
After the treatment, the patient should regularly do the follow-up with the veteran doctor
who will monitor how the condition responds to the treatment and medication. Most of the
patients take up to six weeks to respond to the treatments or go back to their routine ways of life.
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HERNIATED DISC
References
John P. Revord, M. (2019). Treatment Options for a Herniated Disc. Spine-health. Retrieved 3
June 2019, from https://www.spine-health.com/conditions/herniated-disc/treatmentoptions-a-herniated-disc.
Ghatge, S. (2018). Role of ozone Disc Nucleolysis in Herniated Intervertebral Disc: The Indian
experience. Journal of Ozone Therapy, 2(2). doi:10.7203/jo3t.2.2.2018.11152
Halikov, S., & Abduhalikov, A. K. (2017). Surgical treatment of foraminal herniated disc of the
lumbar spine. European Science Review, 136-138. doi:10.20534/esr-17-1.2-136-138
Kulkarni, M. (2014). Chapter-11 MRI in the Diagnosis of Herniated Lumbar Intervertebral
Discs. Textbook of Surgical Management of Lumbar Disc Herniation, 70-74.
doi:10.5005/jp/books/12000_11
Ramani, P. (2014). Chapter-01 Back Pain, Sciatica and Herniated Lumbar Intervertebral Disc
Historical Anecdote. Textbook of Surgical Management of Lumbar Disc Herniation, 1-3.
doi:10.5005/jp/books/12000_1
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