Devonte Hayes
Southern New Hampshire University
March 19, 2023
Introduction
❖ Childhood and adolescent obesity is a complex public health issue that affects millions of young people
worldwide.
❖ Obesity can lead to various health problems, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer,
and can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life.
❖ Preventing and reducing childhood and adolescent obesity requires a multifaceted approach that
addresses the underlying factors influencing the problem.
❖ In this presentation, we will use the PRECEDE-PROCEED model to examine childhood and
adolescent obesity and identify potential interventions that can promote healthy habits and reduce
obesity rates in this population.
❖ We will explore the desired results of the program, prioritize population issues and behavioral
determinants, and discuss predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors that can affect behaviors and
environmental factors.
❖ Finally, we will examine the administrative and policy factors that can influence what can be
implemented in a public health program related to childhood and adolescent obesity.
Desired Results
❖ The program’s goal is to find and implement interventions that
will reduce the prevalence of obesity in the chosen target
population (children and adolescents).
❖ The initiative aims to raise public awareness of health issues
including pediatric obesity and to encourage healthy behaviors
that lower the likelihood of contracting the condition.
Interventions to Address Obesity Among
Children and Adolescents
❖Education programs.
❖Promoting physical activity.
❖Healthy eating habits.
❖Supportive environments.
❖Policy changes (Kobes et al., 2018).
The Population Issues and Behavioral
and Environmental Determinants.
❖ Lack of knowledge or understanding of what constitutes a healthy diet
and the importance of physical activity.
❖ Low self-efficacy and confidence in making healthy decisions.
❖ Built environment and social practices that discourage healthy behaviors.
❖ Negative influence of peers and parents on dietary and physical activity
habits(Ells et al., 2018).
❖ Availability of unhealthy food options and sedentary behaviors.
Predisposing factors:
❖Individual knowledge,
❖Attitudes,
❖Beliefs, and values.
Enabling factors:
❖ Access to resources and opportunities such as healthy food options
and safe spaces for physical activity.
❖ Access to healthy food.
❖ Safe and accessible places to play and exercise.
❖ Supportive social work.
❖ Health education.
❖ Parental involvement (Elvsaas et al., 2017).
Reinforcing factors:
❖Incentives and rewards for healthy behaviors.
❖Positive role models.
❖Social support from family and friends(Weihrauch-Blüher
et al., 2018).
Administrative and Policy
Factors
❖ Privacy regulations for the collection, storage, and utilization of personal health
data.
❖ Informed consent from subjects or their parents for interventions involving
individuals.
❖ Legislation against discrimination and moral guidelines for treating everyone with
respect and without distinction on the grounds of race, ethnicity, or gender.
❖ For interventions involving the distribution of foods or dietary supplements, there
are regulations governing food and drugs as well as moral standards for consumer
safety and labeling (Kansra et al., 2021).
Conclusion
❖ Addressing obesity among children and adolescents requires a comprehensive public health
approach that involves various stakeholders such as schools, healthcare providers, parents, and
policymakers.
❖ The desired result is to improve the health outcomes of this population by reducing the
prevalence of obesity and related health complications.
❖ To achieve this goal, it is crucial to prioritize population issues and determinants such as
unhealthy eating habits, sedentary lifestyles, lack of physical activity opportunities, and
socioeconomic disparities.
❖ Additionally, predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors should be considered when
designing interventions to address these barriers.
❖ Administrative and policy factors also playa critical role in determining the feasibility and
sustainability of public health programs related to childhood obesity.
❖ By addressing these factors, we can make progress in preventing and reducing childhood
obesity and improving the overall health of our youth.
Reference
❖ Ells, L. J., Rees, K., Brown, T., Mead, E., Al-Khudairy, L., Azevedo, L., McGeechan, G. J., Baur, L., Loveman, E.,
Clements, H., Rayco-Solon, P., Farpour-Lambert, N., & Demaio, A. (2018). Interventions for treating children and
adolescents with overweight and obesity: An overview of Cochrane Reviews. International Journal of Obesity, 42(11),
1823–1833. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-018-0230-y
❖ Elvsaas, I. K., Giske, L., Fure, B., & Juvet, L. K. (2017). Multicomponent lifestyle interventions for treating overweight
and obesity in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Journal of Obesity, 2017, 1–14.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5021902
❖ Kansra, A. R., Lakkunarajah, S., & Jay, M. S. (2021). Childhood and adolescent obesity: A Review. Frontiers in
Pediatrics, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.581461
❖ Kobes, A., Kretschmer, T., Timmerman, G., & Schreuder, P. (2018). Interventions aimed at preventing and reducing
overweight/obesity among children and adolescents: A meta-synthesis. Obesity Reviews, 19(8), 1065–1079.
https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12688
❖ Weihrauch-Blüher, S., Kromeyer-Hauschild, K., Graf, C., Widhalm, K., Korsten-Reck, U., Jödicke, B., Markert, J.,
Müller, M. J., Moss, A., Wabitsch, M., & Wiegand, S. (2018). Current guidelines for Obesity Prevention in childhood and
adolescence. Obesity Facts, 11(3), 263–276. https://doi.org/10.1159/000486512
Devonte Hayes
Southern New Hampshire University
April 2, 2023
Childhood Obesity: Overview
❖ Childhood-obesity is a growing public-health concern in America, with an
account of 19.7% among children and adolescents.
❖ Obesity in children is connected with several health risks, including type-2
diabetes, hypertension, and heart illness.
❖ Environmental factors, including diet and physical activities, play a
significant role in the growth of childhood obesity.
❖ Social risk factors, such as maternal drug abuse, maternal depression, and
food shortages, are also linked to childhood obesity (Davison et al., 2013).
Childhood Obesity: Overview cont..
❖ An effective health promotion practice to minimize childhood obesity need to solve the
complex interplay of environmental and behavioral factors that result to its development.
❖ Modifying children’s behavior and encouraging healthy lifestyles are essential to combating
childhood obesity.
❖ Early intervention is critical in addressing childhood obesity, as it can help prevent long-term
health consequences.
❖ By implementing an effective health promotion program, there is potential to improve the
health results of millions of children and adolescents in America(Davison et al., 2013).
Risk Factors to Child Obesity
❖Genetic factors
❖Environmental factors
❖Behavioral factors (Weihrauch-Blüher & Wiegand,
2018).
Theoretical Framework:
❖ The prevalence of childhood obesity in America is a serious public health concern.
❖ The PRECEDE-PROCEED model is an efficient and flexible approach to plan, implement,
and assess health awareness efforts to combat obesity.
❖ The model provides a comprehensive framework for addressing environmental and behavioral
factors contributing to childhood obesity.
❖ The Social Cognitive Theory emphasizes the individual and contextual effects on behavior,
providing a theoretical underpinning for diet and exercise encouraging practices.
❖ The health promotion program will focus on increasing parental and child self-efficacy
towards childhood obesity and will aim to modify behavior and encourage a healthier lifestyle.
❖ The program will address the complex psychological, social, and environmental factors
associated with childhood obesity.
❖ By implementing this program, there is potential to improve the health results of millions of
children and adolescents in America.
How the theoretical framework would be used to
implement your public health program.
❖ The Social Cognitive Theory is the chosen theoretical framework for implementing the public health
program.
❖ The theory emphasizes the influence of individual and environmental factors on behavior formation.
❖ The program will utilize this framework to encourage healthy eating habits and physical activity among
children and parents.
❖ Self-efficacy and self-esteem will be addressed to improve dietary habits.
❖ Social and environmental factors will also be taken into consideration to develop effective interventions.
❖ The program will focus on behavior modification, and interventions will be based on solid evidence-based
material.
❖ Theoretical underpinnings will guide the development, implementation, and evaluation of the program to
ensure its effectiveness(Nga et al., 2019).
Justification of the Theoretical Framework
Appropriateness
❖ The Social Cognitive Theory is appropriate for the public health program targeting
childhood obesity.
❖ It provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the complex nature of health
behavior and its determinants.
❖ The theory support the role of individual and environmental factors in shaping behavior
and highlights the importance of self-efficacy, self-esteem, and social support.
❖ The theoretical framework is supported by empirical evidence and has been used
successfully in previous interventions targeting childhood obesity(Kim & Lim, 2019).
Goals
❖Increase physical activity levels.
❖Improve healthy eating habits.
❖Increase parental involvement.
Objectives
❖ Increase the percentage of children who participate in about 60minutes of
physical activity per day from 25% to 50% to the final stages of the program.
❖ Increase the number of children and adolescents who use fruits and vegetables at
least 5 times a day from 20% to 40% by the end of the program.
❖ Increase the knowledge of children and adolescents and their parents unhealthy
eating habits and physical activity by 30% by the end of the program.
❖ Increase the self-efficacy of children and adolescents and their parents to make
healthy lifestyle choices by 40% by the end of the program.
How the target population will be
engaged
❖ Engage the target population through community meetings, focus groups, and
surveys.
❖ Utilize social media platforms and local media outlets to spread information
❖ Develop targeted messages that address the needs and concerns of the
population.
❖ Encourage community involvement in the planning and implementation
process.
The Intervention Activity
❖ The intervention activity is health education classes for the target population.
❖ Classes will focus on healthy eating habits, physical activity, and maintaining a healthy
weight.
❖ Led by trained professionals like nutritionists and physical trainers.
❖ Interactive and engaging with hands-on activities like cooking demonstrations and
exercise classes.
❖ Held in convenient locations and promoted through various communication channels.
❖ Aims to empower individuals with knowledge and tools for positive lifestyle changes to
improve overall health and well-being(Iguacel et al., 2020).
Other Intervention Measures
❖School-based interventions
❖Family-based interventions
❖Community-based interventions
❖Policy-based interventions
Conclusion
❖ Child obesity is a major public health concern with serious health consequences.
❖ The social cognitive theory provides a suitable theoretical framework for designing
effective interventions to promote healthy behaviors.
❖ The needs assessment revealed key risk factors and gaps in resources and services that need
to be addressed.
❖ The intervention activity included health education classes focusing on healthy eating habits
and physical activity.
❖ Additional intervention strategies include increasing access to healthy food and increasing
opportunities for physical activity.
❖ Engaging the target population in the planning process and utilizing effective
communication strategies are crucial to the success of the program.
❖ The ultimate goal of the program is to empower individuals to make positive lifestyle
changes and improve their overall health and well-being.
Reference
❖ Davison, K. K., Jurkowski, J. M., Li, K., Kranz, S., & Lawson, H. A. (2013). A childhood obesity
intervention developed by families for families: Results from a pilot study. International Journal of
Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-3
❖ Iguacel, I., Gasch-Gallén, Á., Ayala-Marín, A. M., De Miguel-Etayo, P., & Moreno, L. A. (2020). Social
vulnerabilities as risk factor of childhood obesity development and their role in prevention programs.
International Journal of Obesity, 45(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-020-00697-y
❖ Kim, J., & Lim, H. (2019, December 30). Nutritional management in childhood obesity. Journal of
Obesity
&
Metabolic
Syndrome.
Retrieved
April
2,
2023,
from
https://doi.org/10.7570%2Fjomes.2019.28.4.225
❖ Nga, V. T., Dung, V. N., Chu, D.-T., Tien, N. L., Van Thanh, V., Ngoc, V. T., Hoan, L. N., Phuong, N. T.,
Pham, V.-H., Tao, Y., Linh, N. P., Show, P. L., & Do, D.-L. (2019). School education and childhood
obesity: A systemic review. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 13(4), 2495–
2501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2019.07.014
❖ Weihrauch-Blüher, S., & Wiegand, S. (2018). Risk factors and implications of childhood obesity. Current
Obesity Reports, 7(4), 254–259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-018-0320-0
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